Knapp, raj samani, in applied cyber security and the smart grid, 20. The increased complexity and interconnectivity of supervisory control and data acquisition scada systems in the smart grid has exposed them to a wide range of cybersecurity issues, and there. The increased functionality of scada and the smart grid architecture leads to control systems that are escalating in complexity and have become time critical, embedded, fault tolerant, distributed, intelligent, large, open sourced, and heterogeneous, all which pose their own program vulnerabilities. This document is annex 2 of 5 to the enisa study smart grid security. Index terms scada systems, control systems, cyber security, standards, smart grids. Threat to ics sector with ics increasingly getting integrated with the corporate network and internet to meet business requirements, the sector is. Ics have passed through a significant transformation from proprietary, isolated systems to open architectures and standard technologies highly interconnected with other corporate networks and the internet.
Guidelines for smart grid cybersecurity nvlpubsnistgov. Industrial control systems ics are often managed via a supervisory control and data acquisition scada systems that provides a graphical user interface for operators to easily observe the status of a system, receive any alarms indicating outofband operation, or to enter system adjustments to manage the process under control. Scada is a concept that is used to refer to the management and procurement of data that can be used in developing process management criteria. Chapter 1 smart grid, automation, and scada systems security. Hackers exploit scada holes to take full control of. Smart grid is the integration of digital technologies with power generation and. The evolution of the smart grid initiative to improve the electric utility power infrastructure has brought with it a number of opportunities for improving. View power system scada and smart grid applications research papers on academia. Abstract cyber security in smart grid systems is becoming a major concern. Mar 19, 2017 the european unions smart grid vision provides a first overview of the appropriate deepparadigm changes in the transmission, distribution and supply of electricity.
Basic penetration testing experience is desirable, but not required. Cyber attack challenges and resilience for smart grids core. Ics scada smart grids finance health maritime info. You will get a feel for the issues surrounding it, the challenges ahead, the countless opportunities it presents and the benefits we all stand to gain. Computer security, cyber security, control systems, scada. Power system scada and smart grid applications research. In north america, scada refers to a distributed measurement.
Pdf the advent and evolution of the smart grid initiative to improve the electric utility power infrastructure has brought with it a number of. Power system scada and smart grids 1st edition mini s. Download handbook of scadacontrol systems security pdf ebook. Distributed control systems dcs and supervisory control and data acquisition scada systems were developed to reduce labor costs, and to allow systemwide monitoring and remote control from a central location. When considering the discrete control system for a specific application, plcs are used. Cyber attack challenges and resilience for smart grids. All of the publically available reference models are valuable, and it is highly recommended that these standards be studied in detail by anyone attempting to fully understand the intricacies and complexities of smart grid system interoperability see appendix b, recommended reading. In this chapter, the smart grid initiative was explored, and integration of scada systems into the smart grid was described, including an overview of the problem domain as a whole. In short, scada represents a wide system of interconnected sensors and controls under central management. It is assumed that attendees will have no knowledge of ics, smart grid, scada, or critical infrastructure. Power system scada and smart grids is a book that presents the fundamentals and possible application functions of supervisory control and data acquisition scada. It is usually cheaper that you must buy the book in the book store.
The scada strangelove project has identified more than 150 zeroday vulnerabilities in scada, ics and plcs, with five percent of those being dangerous remote code execution holes. The testbed builds on the cosimulation framework mosaik, and cosimulates in an integrated way, the power distribution network on different voltage levels, as well as the control network modbustcp. Assessing and exploiting control systems sans institute. Pdf the efficacy and challenges of scada and smart grid. You will learn what the smart grid is and what it is not. The largest subgroup of ics is scada supervisory control and data acquisition systems.
Scada generally refers to control systems that span a large geographic area, such as a gas pipeline, power transmission system or water distribution system. This course is designed for intermediate level security professionals, be they developers, managers, or penetration testers. Apr 28, 2015 power system scada and smart grids is designed to assist electrical engineering students, researchers, and practitioners alike in acquiring a solid understanding of scada systems and application functions in generation, transmission, and distribution systems, which are evolving day by day, to help them adapt to new challenges effortlessly. The summit calls on experts in icsscadadnp3 cybersecurity from. Scada supervisory control and data acquisition scada systems are basically process control systems pcs that are used for monitoring, gathering, and analyzing realtime environmental data from a simple office building or. A testbed for locally monitoring scada networks in smart grids. Critical infrastructures, such as electricity generation plants, transportation systems, oil refineries, chemical factories and manufacturing facilities are large, distributed complexes. Smart grid system an overview sciencedirect topics. Power system scada and smart grids is designed to assist electrical engineering students, researchers, and practitioners alike in acquiring a solid understanding of scada systems and application functions in generation, transmission, and distribution systems, which are evolving day by day, to help them adapt to new challenges effortlessly. The term industrial control system ics refers to a variety of systems comprised of computers, electrical and mechanical devices, and manual processes overseen by humans. Section iv surveys approaches related to the smart grid security challenges. In north america, scada refers to a distributed measurement and management system that operates. Communication security for scada in smart grid environment.
Cyber security of smart grid and scada systems, threats and risks. The text begins by providing an overview of scada systems, evolution, and use in power systems and the data acquisition process. Scada supervisory control and data acquisition and industrial control systems ics support a wide range of safetyrelated applications. With the increasing connectivity of scada and ics, and a library of free tools to attack ics products available to hackers, industrial security is a game with the advantage going to the attacker. A testbed for evaluating if and how processaware monitoring may increase the security of decentralized scada networks in power grids is presented. In this section, the scada and smart grid are explained to discuss the efficacy and challenges in the integration process. An integrated testbed for locally monitoring scada systems in. Learn to defend crucial ics scada infrastructure from devastating attacks the tried and true hacking exposed way this practical guide reveals the powerful weapons and devious methods cyberterrorists use to compromise the devices, applications, and systems vital to oil and gas pipelines, electrical grids, and nuclear refineries. Now the quick answer is that supervisory control and data acquisition scada is a subset of industrial control systems ics. Operations technology ot is the term used in industrial operations and it comprised of control systems, networks and other industrial automation components that controls physical processes and assets.
Smart grid security is crucial to maintain stable and reliable power system operation during the. Pdf cybersecurity of scada and other industrial control. Power system scada and smart grids pdf book library. Reading online book will be great experience for you. Apr 10, 2015 advantages of scada in smart grid system the tolerant of attack mitigates and stands resilient to physical and cyber attacks. Nerccip ics security scada security iec 62443 smart grid. Abstract cyber security in smart grid systems is becoming a. They, typically, integrate programmable logic controllers plcs and a range of sensors, which are very different from the devices used in more conventional networks. Cyber security for scada and dcs systems a summary of the. Hackers exploit scada holes to take full control of critical.
Plant operators must continuously monitor and control many different sections of the plant to ensure its. The use of the term scada varies, depending on location. Fully enables competitive energy markets realtime information, lower transaction costs, available to everyone. Section ii presents security requirements and objectives in the smart grid. Pdf cyber security of smart grid and scada systems. Section iii presents the security challenges in smart grids. Risi, around 35% of industrial control system ics security incidents were instigated. The purpose of this book is to give readers in plain language a fix on the current position of the smart grid and its adoption. Thomas and john douglas mcdonald english 2015 isbn. Power system scada and smart grids, thomas, mini s. Chapter1 smart grid, automation, andscada systems security.
One of the considerations in designing the capabilities of the smart grid is the integration of scada systems to enable the remote control of electric microgrids and grids, supervise and control. Provides power quality needed by 21st century users. The remote activities of the smart grids cps are monitored and controlled by specialized computing system called industrial control systems icss or supervisory control and data acquisition scada systems icsscada. Power system scada and smart grids authorsaffiliations mini thomas, jamia millia islamia, department of electrical engineering, new delhi, india john douglas mcdonald, ge energy management digital energy, atlanta, georgia, usa automation of electric power systems has increased worldwide, optimizing the. Securing communication of scada components in smart grid.
The substation sends operation data to the scada for controlling the power. The handbook of scadacontrol systems security is a elementary outline of security concepts, methodologies, and associated information pertaining to the supervisory control and data acquisition scada strategies and technology that quietly perform inside the background of important utility and industrial facilities worldwide. Power system scada and smart grids brings together in one concise volume the fundamentals and possible application functions of power system supervisory control and data acquisition scada. Cpss rely on information and communication technologies icts to support communication, control and supervisory tasks 4. As an example, large power grids or pipelines fall under scada management, while refineries even large ones, or power plants fall under dcs. Scada system cyber security a comparison of standards. Cyberphysical security and resilience in smart grids, pp. The efficacy and challenges of scada and smart grid. The book brings together common themes beginning with smart grids and the characteristics of new power plants based on renewable energy and or highly efficient generation.